What term describes the level of proficiency within an enlisted rating, similar to a pay grade?

The term that describes the level of proficiency within an enlisted rating, similar to a pay grade, is "rate." In the context of the military, "rate" refers specifically to the job specialty or designation of an enlisted member, indicating their level of skill, expertise, and responsibilities associated with that job.

While "rank" pertains to the overall hierarchical status of the individual within the military structure, "rate" is more focused on the specific qualifications and competencies tied to a particular job within the enlisted personnel. "Promotion" typically refers to the process of moving to a higher rank or position, whereas "advancement" encompasses the overall progression within a career, including raises in responsibilities, skills, or pay scale, but does not specifically denote the job specialty itself. Thus, "rate" is the most accurate term in this context for describing the proficiency level associated with an enlisted rating.